At some point in building an agentic system, you will hit the same wall. An agent workflow needs to pause, wait for a human decision, and resume. The implementation seems straightforward but then you realise: what happens to the state during the pause? Where does it live? Who owns it? How does the resumed execution know what it was doing? That question is where LangGraph and Microsoft Agent Framework make fundamentally different architectural choices. Everything else, the feature comparison, the ecosystem fit, the vendor landscape, follows from how each framework answers it. The widely repeated comparison is correct and useless. The received wisdom is that LangGraph is for Python teams and Microsoft Agent Framework is for Microsoft shops. This is roughly true, but it is also the least interesting thing about either framework. Both now offer graph-based workflows, typed nodes and edges, checkpointing, human-in-the-loop interruption, multi-agent orchestration, and MCP tool support.…