[Revised entry by Bernard Linsky on April 7, 2026.
Changes to: Main text]
Principia Mathematica [PM] by A.N. Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, published 1910 - 1913 in three volumes by Cambridge University Press, contains a derivation of large portions of mathematics using notions and principles of symbolic logic. The notation in that work has been superseded by the subsequent development of logic during the 20th century, to the extent that the beginner has trouble reading PM at all. This article provides an introduction to the symbolism of PM, showing how that symbolism can...