When entrepreneur and investor Peter Thiel, who was co-founder and former CEO of PayPal, taught a course at Stanford to help college students think about their futures, Blake Masters, one of his students, was taking notes. Those notes were circulated on the Internet and went viral, reaching hundreds of thousands of readers. Thiel and Masters recently sat down and adapted the notes into a book that was just published: Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future. Wharton management professor Adam M. Grant recently interviewed Thiel about his new book when he visited campus as a guest lecturer in the Authors@Wharton series. In this interview, Thiel shares the insights he has gained as an entrepreneur and investor. An edited transcript of that conversation follows. Adam Grant: Peter, why is competition for losers? Peter Thiel: “Competition Is for Losers” was the headline of The Wall Street Journal excerpt of our book.…