Astronaut and Expedition 73 Flight Engineer Kimiya Yui of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) displays production bags containing probiotic yogurt cultures for the BioNutrients-3 investigation on ## Oct. 2 , 2025, aboard the International Space Station. NASA Certain nutrients critical for human health lack the shelf life needed to span multi-year missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. NASA’s BioNutrients-3 is part of an experiment series testing ways to use microorganisms to produce these nutrients in space and on demand. The on-demand nature of this experiment is similar to making nutrient-dense fermented foods on Earth, such as how milk is transformed by good bacteria into yogurt. But in this case, there is a focus on producing specific types and quantities of nutrients essential for future space explorers.…