Overview This article analyzes the security behavior of Keras safe mode during model deserialization, focusing on what it prevents and what it does not. Introduction In TensorFlow Keras, loading a model involves more than reading stored data. It requires deserializing objects such as layers, optimizers, and loss functions from a configuration structure. This process can execute Python code, which introduces potential security risks when loading untrusted models. To reduce this risk, Keras provides a parameter: from tensorflow.keras.utils import deserialize_keras_object obj = deserialize_keras_object ( config , safe_mode = True ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The safe_mode parameter is designed to restrict unsafe behavior during deserialization. However, its protection is limited to specific cases.…