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Heat and cold alter how animals fight disease. As the climate changes, this knowledge may be vital

phys.org·Julie Old, Brian Dixon·about 1 month ago
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Frontiers in Immunology (2025). DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1701016"> A summary (graphical representation) of the general themes in this paper. All animals regulate temperature, either internally or behaviourally, and are subject to extremes of their optimal range. Small temperature increases (fever) can be beneficial to host immune responses, but increases beyond that range are detrimental. Lower temperatures generally inhibit energetically expensive adaptive immune responses but generally leave innate immune mechanisms intact. Credit: Frontiers in Immunology (2025). DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1701016 Each animal species has an optimal temperature at which it can metabolize food and its immune system can best fight off pathogens. As our recent research shows, temperature directly affects the immune systems of vertebrates—regardless of how they moderate their own body temperatures. At first, slightly hotter temperatures actually give many animal immune systems a boost .…

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