Data synchronization is essential for consistency and high availability in distributed databases. GBase 8a, GBASE's China-domestically developed MPP database, builds its sync mechanism on columnar storage units and dedicated shard‑level tools, then layers on GBase Visio Rsynctool (GVR) for additional performance and manageability. 1. How GBase 8a Synchronization Works Storage Fundamentals: DCs and Metadata GBase 8a uses columnar storage with block management as the foundation for sync: DataCell (DC) : Each column is vertically split into DCs, each holding 64K rows of data. A DC is the basic unit of I/O operations. DC File (seg file) : Multiple DCs are packed into a single seg file, which auto‑splits at 2 GB to avoid performance degradation from very large files. Metadata File : Acts as the "navigation map" for sync, recording each DC's SCN (System Change Number for data versioning), seg file location, offset, and row count. This is the core data used to detect differences and perform precise synchronization.…