In early April, an attack on a Shiite place of worship in Herat, western  Afghanistan , killed at least 11 people, according to AFP news agency, with local sources reporting higher casualty figures. To date, no group has claimed responsibility for the attack. Taliban authorities announced an investigation and promised to hold those responsible to account. However, no results have been reported so far. In the past, the so-called "Islamic State in Khorasan" (ISKP) has regularly claimed responsibility for attacks on Shiite facilities. The silence in the Herat case has raised questions about possible perpetrators, the security situation and the authorities' ability to provide protection. Observers view the situation of the Shiite community as a barometer of the Taliban's ability to institutionally safeguard religious diversity . Security is defined not solely by military presence, but by political recognition, legal equality and reliable protection.…