Pulumi vs Terraform: When to Choose General-Purpose Languages Over HCL The infrastructure-as-code landscape has a genuine architectural split: Terraform uses HCL, a domain-specific language designed specifically for infrastructure declaration, while Pulumi lets you define infrastructure in TypeScript, Python, Go, or C#. This is not just a syntax preference - it fundamentally changes how you structure, test, and maintain your infrastructure code. Terraform's HCL is deliberately constrained. It excels at declaring resources and their relationships in a readable, auditable format. The massive provider ecosystem, extensive documentation, and large community make it the safe default choice. But HCL's limitations become painful for complex scenarios: dynamic resource generation requires awkward for_each and count expressions, reusable logic is limited to modules with input variables, and testing infrastructure code requires separate frameworks like Terratest.…