Data availability The datasets generated in the current study are available at the Duke University Library Research Data Repository ( https://doi.org/10.7924/r4r488 ). Source data are provided with this paper. Code availability References Scharff, C. & Nottebohm, F. A comparative study of the behavioral deficits following lesions of various parts of the zebra finch song system: implications for vocal learning. J. Neurosci. 11 , 2896–2913 (1991). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Sohrabji, F., Nordeen, E. J. & Nordeen, K. W. Selective impairment of song learning following lesions of a forebrain nucleus in the juvenile zebra finch. Behav. Neural Biol. 53 , 51–63 (1990). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bottjer, S. W., Miesner, E. A. & Arnold, A. P. Forebrain lesions disrupt development but not maintenance of song in passerine birds. Science 224 , 901–903 (1984).…