In the last article, I introduced glasp , a Go-based CLI tool for Google Apps Script (GAS) that operates without a dependency on Node.js. Previous Article: glasp — A Go-based, zero-dependency CLI for Google Apps Script (clasp Alternative) GitHub Repository: takihito/glasp In this post, we will focus on the following: The benefits of being "npm-independent" in CI/CD environments using GitHub Actions. A performance comparison between clasp and glasp . 1. "npm-Independence" in GitHub Actions It is common to see developers using clasp within GitHub Actions to handle deploy or push operations. Typically, the workflow involves these steps: Setting up the Node.js environment via actions/setup-node . Installing the tool via npm install -g @google/clasp . However, this standard approach presents a few challenges. Reducing Startup Time npm install can take anywhere from tens of seconds to several minutes, depending on network conditions and cache status. glasp , on the other hand, is a single binary built with Go.…