A reconstruction of a Neanderthal based on the fossils from La Chapelle-aux-Saints fossils S. ENTRESSANGLE/E. DAYNES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY This is an extract from Our Human Story, our newsletter about the revolution in archaeology.  Sign up to receive it in your inbox every month . Among the many other human species that once inhabited Earth, the Neanderthals are the most famous. They lived until relatively recently and in many ways, they were like us. Just in the past few months, we’ve seen tentative evidence of them treating wounds using tar with antibiotic properties made from birch bark. An ancient yellow crayon, made of ochre , gave us a hint of their artistic practices. A well-preserved skull suggested that their noses weren’t adapted for cold climates , as many had thought. Elephant bones from Germany show signs of having been butchered by Neanderthals . There is even suggestive evidence of Neanderthals crossing wide expanses of water .…