Underestimating projects is the most common way developer freelancers lose money. Not through bad code. Through bad scoping. Here is a system that makes estimates more accurate and protects you when they are not. Why Estimates Go Wrong Most developers estimate based on how long the happy path takes. They forget the edge cases, the client feedback loops, the unclear requirements that need three clarification calls, and the integration that behaves differently in production. A project that takes 10 hours in ideal conditions often takes 18 hours in real conditions. The Multiplier Approach Estimate the happy path first. Then apply a multiplier based on project type: Well-defined projects with clear specs: 1.3x Projects with some ambiguity: 1.6x Projects with significant unknowns: 2.0x Legacy codebases or third-party integrations: 2.5x This sounds aggressive. It is actually closer to accurate. The Scope Document That Protects You Before any project starts, write a document that answers: What is being built?…