Executive summary \r\n \r\n International Revenue Share Fraud (IRSF) is a pervasive and financially damaging telecommunications fraud that exploits carrier revenue-sharing agreements .  \r\n \r\n In this sophisticated scheme, fraudsters generate an inflated volume of international calls or messages to premium rate services , aiming to profit from the revenue-sharing arrangements.  \r\n \r\n The complexities of IRSF make detection challenging, as it involves legitimate international calls to high-cost destinations, which makes it difficult to distinguish fraudulent activities from legitimate traffic.  \r\n \r\n The impact of IRSF is substantial, leading to significant financial losses for both telecommunications carriers and their customers.  \r\n \r\n Preventing and mitigating IRSF requires a multifaceted approach, including proactive monitoring, real-time alerts, fraud detection systems, and industry cooperation.  \r\n \r\n Regulatory support and customer…