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AGENTS.md, SKILL.md, DESIGN.md: How AI Instructions Split into Three Layers

DEV Community·Kento IKEDA·about 1 month ago
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In April 2026, Google Labs released a spec called DESIGN.md . It's a design system specification readable by AI agents, packaged with a CLI validator: npx @google/design.md lint . With DESIGN.md in the picture, we now have three different file types for instructing AI agents. AGENTS.md has been spreading as an industry standard since 2025 (jointly developed by OpenAI, Google, Sourcegraph, Cursor, and Factory; donated to the Linux Foundation in December 2025). SKILL.md sits at the core of Anthropic's Claude Skills. And now DESIGN.md . The three handle different concerns and don't overlap. This article is for developers using coding agents like Claude Code, Cursor, or Codex in their work, and for tech leads operating natural-language instruction files like CLAUDE.md and style guides. If your team is doing Spec-Driven Development (SDD), this should also reach you.…

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