I cracked 240,000 passwords in 4 minutes. Not with some exotic zero-day. Not with nation-state tooling. With a consumer GPU, a wordlist, and one command: hashcat -m 0 vaultbank_hashes.txt rockyou.txt That was it. 99.4% of a production database — recovered. This is OWASP A02:2021 — Cryptographic Failures. And it's sitting in your application right now. What Is Cryptographic Failures? Previously called "Sensitive Data Exposure," the OWASP team renamed it in 2021 to target the root cause, not just the symptom. The symptom is data exposure. The cause is failing to protect it with proper cryptography — or failing to use it at all. It's the #2 most critical vulnerability in the OWASP Top 10. It's found in 40%+ of tested applications. And it requires zero hacking skill to exploit. The Four Ways VaultBank Failed I built a simulated banking application called VaultBank. It had 240,000 customers, real-looking data, and four cryptographic failures that exist in production systems today.…