As a best-selling author, I invite you to explore my books on Amazon . Don't forget to follow me on Medium and show your support. Thank you! Your support means the world! Let me tell you something about Python that took me years to fully appreciate. You can write code that writes code. Not in some abstract, philosophical sense, but literally. You can create classes while your program runs. You can intercept every attribute access and decide what happens. You can build functions from strings generated from configuration files. This is metaprogramming, and it is the superpower that makes frameworks like Django ORM, SQLAlchemy, and Pydantic work. I will walk you through eight techniques, with code you can run and modify. I learned these by breaking things and fixing them, so I will share the mistakes I made too. Let me start with metaclasses. A metaclass is the class of a class. Just like an instance is created from a class, a class is created from a metaclass. By default, Python uses type as the metaclass.…