Radar system used to collect data from insects. Credit: Linta Antony Pollinating insects are important for agriculture and ecological flourishing, but they are difficult to monitor, as identification is tricky, labor-intensive, and typically requires killing some insects. Publishing in PNAS Nexus , Adam Narbudowicz and colleagues use machine learning to identify insects by the changes in their radar reflection, caused by the flapping of their wings. The machine learning model extracted more than 70 harmonic, spectral, and temporal features from the Doppler radar signatures. To train the model, insects were captured on the campus of Trinity College Dublin and placed individually in small cylindrical plastic containers which were placed on top of a millimeter-wave antenna. After their radar signatures were recorded, the insects were released. After extracting relevant micro-Doppler features from the data, the model was trained.…