This article was first published on Big Think in July 2023. It was updated in April 2026. Many of world literature’s most unlikable protagonists start unlikeable and end unlikeable. From the very beginning of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray , it is clear that the titular Gray is a narcissist who’ll do anything to inflate his already monstrous ego . The same goes for Humbert Humbert from Vladimir Nabokov’s controversial novel Lolita , a pedophile with a silver tongue who conjures up excuses for his inexcusable actions. But these characters form only the tip of the iceberg. A different yet equally interesting species of unlikable protagonist is the protagonist who starts off sympathetic but becomes more and more unsympathetic as the story develops. Though they appear similar, this type of character is not to be confused with other archetypes such as the tragic hero or antihero.…