ML-KEM: Future of Key Encapsulation Cryptography Understanding ML-KEM: The Future of Key Encapsulation 14 min read What Problem Does ML-KEM Solve? Every time you buy something online, log into your email, or send a private message, your computer needs to do something tricky: it needs to agree on a secret code with another computer, over an open connection that anyone could be watching. Think about it like this. You and a friend are standing on opposite sides of a crowded room. You need to agree on a secret word that only the two of you will know. But everyone in the room can hear everything you say. How do you do it? This is the "key agreement" problem, and it is one of the most important problems in all of computer security. For the past 30 years, we have solved it using mathematical tricks based on the difficulty of factoring very large numbers (RSA) or computing discrete logarithms on elliptic curves (ECDH).…