What is Scalability? The ability to handle more requests by buying a bigger machine or buying more machines is called scalability. Vertical Scaling Vertical scaling refers to using a bigger machine and adding more power (like CPU, RAM, network bandwidth or storage) to handle requests much faster. For example, let’s say your current system has an 8-core server capacity limit. You can upgrade it to a 32-core server with faster SSD storage. Pros It is easier to implement. Upgrading hardware is easier than setting up brand-new servers. Easier maintenance. No load balancer is required because there is only a single machine. Data consistency is easier to maintain. Communication is inter-process, which is faster. Cons We cannot keep making the machine bigger and bigger. Hardware limits come into the picture. Single point of failure - if one machine goes down, the entire website/app goes down. Horizontal Scaling Horizontal scaling means buying more machines.…