A Firewall is a network security device, either hardware, software, or a combination of both, that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewalls enforce a set of rules (known as firewall policies or access control lists) to determine whether to allow or block specific traffic. Firewalls operate by analyzing packets of data according to predefined rules and policies, commonly focusing on factors such as IP addresses, port numbers, and protocols. This process, known as traffic filtering, is defined by system administrators as permitting or denying traffic based on specific conditions, ensuring that only authorized connections are allowed. Additionally, firewalls can log traffic events and generate alerts about any suspicious activity. 1. Packet Filtering Firewall Operates at Layer 3 (Network) and Layer 4 (Transport) of the OSI model. Examines source/destination IP, source/destination port, and protocol type.…