Modern software systems can be complex. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is one of the most widely used programming paradigms that helps developers manage this complexity by modeling real-world entities as objects. These objects combine data and behavior , making complex systems easier to design and maintain. OOP is built around several core concepts such as class , inheritance , encapsulation , and polymorphism . These concepts help developers to write code that is more modular, reusable, and maintainable. Let’s take a quick look at what they mean: Class : A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) that the objects created from it will have. For example, consider a class called Computer. There may be many computers with different brands, types, and models, but all of them share the same properties: motherboard, CPU, GPU, and PSU. Here, Computer is the class, and motherboard, CPU, GPU, and PSU are attributes of the class.…